In United States v. Arvizu, the Supreme Court has recognized the standard for a “good stop.” A good stop is a legal stop that would not offend the constitutional rights of the person who was stopped. The standard is based upon the totality of the circumstances. This includes both innocent and suspicious circumstances.

In Ohio v. Robinette, the Court held that during a lawful stop, the police may ask for consent to search the vehicle without telling the driver that he may leave and refuse the search.

Also, in Pennsylvania v. Mimms, the Court determined that an officer may tell the driver to exit the car if a lawful stop was made. Additionally, in Maryland v. Wilson, the Court determined that a passenger may also be ordered to exit a car.